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TABULA Building Typology Spain

Residential Building Typology

Building Type Matrix

classification scheme for residential buildings  ---  construction year classes  ---  pictures of example buildings

(►explanations) 

Mediterranean Climate

Last updated: 04.09.2014

National Typology Brochure

example buildings  ---  typical energy consumption values  ---  effect of refurbishment measures  ---  building display sheets

(►explanations)

Brochure in Spanish language. (Click on picture to download PDF.)

Last updated: 18.07.2016

Statistics of the Spanish Building Stock

systematical overview  ---  available statistics for residential buildings and heat supply systems

(►explanations)

Last updated: 07.11.2013

Overview

Statistical Table

Item

Available

Sources

S-1.1

Frequency of building types

yes

[1]

S-1.2

State of Modernization

S-1.2.1

Modernized Building Elements

S-1.2.2

Modernization Quality

S-2.1

Centralization of Heating Systems

yes

[1]

S-2.2

Heat Distribution (Space Heating)

S-2.3

Heat Generation (Space Heating)

S-2.3.1

Energy carrier

yes

[1]

S-2.3.2

Installation year

yes

[2]

S-2.3.3

Type of heat generator

yes

[2]

S-2.4

Heat distribution / Storage (Hot Water)

S-2.5

Heat Generation (Hot Water)

yes

[2]

S-2.6

Solar Thermal Systems

yes

[2]

S-2.7

Ventilation Systems

S-2.8

Air Conditioning Systems

yes

[1] [2]

S-2.9

Control of Central Heating Systems

S-2.10

Correlation of Envelope an Heat Supply Modernization
S-3.1 Domestic energy consumption yes [3]

[1] Source: INE (National Statistical Institute) 2001

[2] Source: IDAE (Institute for energy diversification and Saving) 2012

[2] Source: IDAE (Institute for energy diversification and Saving) 2011

Last updated: 07.11.2013

S-1.1 Frequency of Building Types of the National Building Stock

2001 data

  Single unit houses
(1 apartment)		 Multi unit houses
(≥ 2 apartments)		 Building Stock total
  Number of buildings= Number of apartments Number of buildings Number of apartments Number of buildings Number of apartments
Before 1900 767.656 132.086 554.412 899.742 554.412
11% 7% 4% 10% 4%
1900-1920 354.954 71.292 369.027 426.246 369.027
5% 4% 3% 5% 3%
1921-1940 405.196 91.147 498.539 496.343 498.539
6% 5% 4% 6% 4%
1941-1950 435.942 102.782 548.948 538.724 548.948
7% 5% 4% 6% 4%
1951-1960 679.882 205.484 1.305.565 885.366 1.305.565
10% 11% 9% 10% 9%
1961-1970 761.201 327.792 2.910.774 1.088.993 2.910.774
11% 17% 21% 13% 21%
1971-1980 1.084.141 418.935 3.888.633 1.503.076 3.888.633
16% 22% 27% 17% 27%
1981-1990 1.096.051 262.965 1.781.978 1.359.016 1.781.978
16% 14% 13% 16% 13%
1991-2001 1.097.568 318.342 2.282.988 1.415.910 2.282.988
16% 16% 16% 16% 16%
Total 6.682.591 1.930.825 14.140.864 8.613.416 20.823.455

2011 data

Building TYPE Number of buildings Number of apartments
Building Stock total

9.804.090

25.208.623

Last updated: 07.11.2013

Dwellings by number of rooms
  1
room		 2
rooms		 3
rooms		 4
rooms		 5
rooms		 6
rooms		 7
rooms		 8
rooms		 9
rooms		 10
or more
Number of
dwellings		 77.431 34.6131 136.0974 2.838.537 5.413.152 2.811.754 742.915 321.495 131.370 143.410
Total dwellings by type of building from different periods
Before 1900 1900-1920 1921-1940 1941-1950 1951-1960 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2001
Single Unit Houses 767.656 11% 354.954 5% 405.196 6% 435.942 7% 679.882 10% 761.201 11% 1.084.141 16% 1.096.051 16% 1.097.568 16%
Multi Unit Houses 554.412 4% 369.027 3% 498.539 4% 548.948 4% 1.305.565 9% 2.910.774 21% 3.888.633 27% 1.781.978 13% 2.282.988 16%
Total 554.412 4% 369.027 3% 498.539 4% 548.948 4% 1.305.565 9% 2.910.774 21% 3.888.633 27% 1.781.978 13% 2.282.988 16%
Total buildings by type and year of construction
Before 1900 1900-1920 1921-1940 1941-1950 1951-1960 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2001
Single Unit Houses 767.656 11% 354.954 5% 405.196 6% 435.942 7% 679.882 10% 761.201 11% 1.084.141 16% 1.096.051 16% 1.097.568 16%
Multi Unit Houses 132.086 7% 71.292 4% 91.147 5% 102.782 5% 205.484 11% 327.792 17% 418.935 22% 262.965 14% 318.342 16%
Total 899.742 10% 426.246 5% 496.343 6% 538.724 6% 885.366 10% 1.088.993 13% 1.503.076 17% 1.359.016 16% 1.415.910 16%
Number of buildings to construct, rehabilitate or demolish

Buildings to construct

Buildings to rehabilitate

Buildings to demolish

Residential

Non-residential

2005

184.218

19.159

33.086

20.997

2006

208.631

21.413

35.856

28.480

2007

166.322

20.825

33.359

26.141

2008

79.752

13.926

34.807

14.573

2009

39.564

12.180

33.267

7.984
Average age of residential buildings by Autonomous Communities

Autonomous Communities

Single Unit Houses

Multi Unit Houses

Andalucía

19

15

Aragón

28

16

Asturias

34

17

Balears

20

13

Canarias

21

14

Cantabria

29

17

Castilla y León

28

16

Castilla-La Mancha

23

14

Cataluña

17

20

Comunidad Valenciana

21

15

Extremadura

23

14

Galicia

32

15

Madrid

12

16

Murcia

22

14

Navarra

26

17

País Vasco

29

19

La Rioja

28

15

Total

24

15

Statistic S-2.1: Centralisation of the Heat Supply (for Space Heating)

Before 1900 1900 - 1920 1921 - 1940 1941 - 1950 1951 - 1960 1961 - 1970 1971 - 1980 1981 - 1990 1991 - 2001 Total

Single unit houses
(1 apart-

ment)

 Room heating systems 50% 52% 50% 49% 47% 46% 42% 37% 32% 42%
Apartment heating systems 25% 22% 24% 26% 29% 30% 36% 45% 52% 36%
Building heating system 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2%
Without heating system 24% 24% 24% 24% 22% 22% 20% 15% 13% 19%

Multi unit houses
(≥ 2 apart-

ments)

 Room heating systems 46% 46% 43% 41% 41% 40% 35% 29% 23% 35%
Apartment heating systems 35% 34% 35% 36% 36% 36% 35% 44% 59% 40%
Building heating system 5% 6% 10% 10% 10% 12% 18% 15% 8% 13%
Without heating system 14% 14% 13% 14% 14% 13% 13% 12% 10% 12%
Building Stock total Room heating systems 48% 49% 46% 44% 43% 41% 36% 32% 26% 38%
Apartment heating systems 30% 29% 30% 32% 34% 35% 35% 45% 56% 39%
Building heating system 3% 4% 6% 6% 7% 10% 15% 10% 6% 9%
Without heating system 20% 18% 18% 18% 16% 14% 14% 13% 11% 15%

Last updated: 07.11.2013

Statistic S-2.3: Heat Generation of Space Heating Systems

Number
of
dwellings		 Before 1900 1900-
1920		 1921-
1940		 1941-
1950		 1951-
1960		 1961-
1970		 1971-
1980		 1981-
1990		 1991-
2001
Gas 194.822 128.698 181.892 191.891 445.965 925.240 1.118.434 583.567 918.644
Electricity 212.026 137.888 181.744 203.075 469.054 942.000 1.094.406 595.262 631.959
Petroleum
or
derivates		 108.609 47.396 63.601 71.973 147.092 287.215 562.001 370.890 322.740
Wood 54.078 22.160 24.121 24.615 36.920 43.851 54.794 54.798 42.326
Coal
or
derivates		 76.215 32.425 38.741 41.043 67.862 88.391 88.783 60.311 38.603
Others 3.441 2.001 2.166 2.515 5.040 8.954 11.720 5.847 5.095
Before 1900 1900 - 1920 1921 - 1940 1941 - 1950 1951 - 1960 1961 - 1970 1971 - 1980 1981 - 1990 1991 - 2001 Total

Single unit houses
(1 apart-

ment)

Room heating systems

 50% 52% 50% 49% 47% 46% 42% 37% 32% 42%

Apartment heating systems

 25% 22% 24% 26% 29% 30% 36% 45% 52% 36%

Building heating system

 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2%

Without heating system

 24% 24% 24% 24% 22% 22% 20% 15% 13% 19%

Multi unit houses
(≥ 2 apart-

ments)

Room heating systems

 46% 46% 43% 41% 41% 40% 35% 29% 23% 35%

Apartment heating systems

 35% 34% 35% 36% 36% 36% 35% 44% 59% 40%

Building heating system

 5% 6% 10% 10% 10% 12% 18% 15% 8% 13%

Without heating system

 14% 14% 13% 14% 14% 13% 13% 12% 10% 12%
Building Stock total

Room heating systems

 48% 49% 46% 44% 43% 41% 36% 32% 26% 38%

Apartment heating systems

 30% 29% 30% 32% 34% 35% 35% 45% 56% 39%

Building heating system

 3% 4% 6% 6% 7% 10% 15% 10% 6% 9%

Without heating system

 20% 18% 18% 18% 16% 14% 14% 13% 11% 15%

Last updated: 07.11.2013

S-2.3.1: Heat Generation of Space Heating Systems, Energy Carrier

Before 1900 1900 - 1920 1921 - 1940 1941 - 1950 1951 - 1960 1961 - 1970 1971 - 1980 1981 - 1990 1991 - 2001

Single unit houses
(1 apart-

ment)

Gas

 18% 21% 22% 21% 23% 21% 20% 23% 31%

Electricity

 26% 31% 33% 35% 37% 39% 35% 35% 33%

Petroleum or derivates

 22% 18% 19% 20% 21% 23% 28% 29% 27%

Wood

 14% 12% 11% 10% 8% 8% 7% 7% 5%

Coal or derivates

 19% 17% 15% 13% 11% 10% 9% 6% 4%

Others

 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0%

Multi unit houses
(≥ 2 apart-

ments)

Gas

 45% 42% 45% 46% 44% 44% 44% 42% 42%

Electricity

 38% 39% 42% 39% 40% 41% 42% 38% 36%

Petroleum or derivates

 13% 11% 9% 9% 10% 9% 10% 17% 18%

Wood

 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Coal or derivates

 2% 4% 3% 4% 5% 4% 3% 2% 2%

Others

 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Building Stock total

Gas

 30% 35% 37% 36% 38% 40% 38% 35% 47%

Electricity

 33% 37% 37% 38% 40% 41% 37% 36% 32%

Petroleum or derivates

 17% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 19% 22% 16%

Wood

 8% 6% 5% 5% 3% 2% 2% 3% 2%

Coal or derivates

 12% 9% 8% 8% 6% 4% 3% 4% 2%

Others

 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Last updated: 07.11.2013

S-2.3.2: Heat Generation of Space Heating Systems, Installation Year

Building Stock total The average age (years)
Non- Condensing boiler 10
Condensing Boiler 5,6
Non-reversible heat pump 6,6
Reversible heat pump 5,6
Total 8,4

Last updated: 08.11.2013

S-2.3.3: Heat Generation of Space Heating Systems, Type

 

 Single unit houses
(1 apartment) 		Multi unit houses
(≥ 2 apartments) 		Building Stock total
Non- Condensing boiler 34% 39% 38%
Condensing Boiler 0% 1% 1%
Non-reversible heat pump 16% 16% 16%
Reversible heat pump 0% 0% 0%
Electric Radiator / Convector / accumulator 16% 18% 17%
Solar panels 0% 1% 1%
Portable Electric Heater / Radiator 20% 17% 18%
Portable non-Electric Heater / Radiator 6% 3% 4%
Other 8% 5% 6%
Total 100% 100% 100%

Last updated: 08.11.2013

Athlantic climatic zone Continental climatic zone Mediterranean climatic zone Building Stock total
Non-Condensing boiler 50% 61% 21% 38%
Condensing Boiler 1% 2% 1% 1%
Non-reversible heat pump 0% 7% 25% 16%
Reversible heat pump 1% 0% 0% 0%
Electric Radiator / Convector / accumulator 21% 12% 20% 17%
Solar panels 1% 1% 1% 1%
Portable Electric Heater / Radiator 14% 9% 24% 18%
Portable non-Electric Heater / Radiator 4% 3% 4% 4%
Other 6% 6% 6% 6%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100%

Last updated: 08.11.2013

S-2.5: Heat Generation of Domestic Hot Water Systems

Single unit houses
(1 apartment) 		Multi unit houses
(≥ 2 apartments) 		Building Stock total
Centralized boiler 1% 4% 3%
Individual bolier 49% 48% 48%
Non-Condensing boiler 32% 32% 32%
Electric immersion heater 16% 15% 15%
Stoves 1% 1% 1%
Condensing boiler 1% 1% 1%
Solar panels 2% 0% 1%
Total 100% 100% 100%


Athlantic climatic zone Continental climatic zone Mediterranean climatic zone Building Stock total
Centralized boiler 6% 13% 1% 6%
Individual boiler 94% 87% 96% 93%
Non-Condensing boiler 71% 66% 56% 61%
Electric immersion heater 20% 18% 38% 29%
Stoves 1% 1% 2% 1%
Condensing boiler 2% 2% 1% 2%
Solar panels 0% 1% 2% 1%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100%

Last updated: 08.11.2013

S-2.6: Solar Thermal Systems

 

 Single unit houses
(1 apartment) 		Multi unit houses
(≥ 2 apartments) 		Building Stock total
Solar panels for heating 72.679 82.117 154.797
Solar panels for DHW 187.196 36.399 223.595

&nbs

 

 Athlantic climatic zone Continental climatic zone Mediterranean climatic zone Building Stock total
Solar panels for heating 28.344 68.805 57.648 154.797
Solar panels for DHW 2.253 28.914 192.428 223.595

Last updated: 08.11.2013

S-2.8: Air-conditioning Systems

Before 1900 1900-1920 1921-1940 1941-1950 1951-1960 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2001
Single unit houses
(1 apartment)		 There is air condition system 3% 4% 5% 7% 8% 10% 12% 18% 18%
There is no air condition system 97% 96% 95% 93% 92% 90% 88% 82% 82%
Multi unit houses
(≥ 2 apartments)		 There is air condition system 11% 13% 15% 14% 15% 16% 18% 20% 21%
There is no air condition system 89% 87% 85% 86% 85% 84% 82% 80% 79%
Building Stock total There is air condition system 7% 9% 11% 11% 13% 15% 17% 19% 20%
There is no air condition system 93% 91% 89% 89% 87% 85% 83% 81% 80%

Last updated: 08.11.2013

  Single unit houses
(1 apartment) 		Multi unit houses
(≥ 2 apartments) 		Building Stock total
Portable appliance >4% >7% >6%
Non-Portable appliance >12% >17% >16%
Heat Pump >84% >76% >78%
Total >100% >100% >100%


  Athlantic climatic zone Continental climatic zone Mediterranean climatic zone Building Stock total
Portable appliance >67% >9% >5% >6%
Non-Portable appliance >5% >25% >12% >16%
Heat Pump >28% >66% >83% >78%
Total >100% >100% >100% >100%

Last updated: 08.11.2013

Statistic S-3.1: Domestic energy consumption

ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION. COMMERCIAL UNITS. 2010

Final Energy Consumption: Residential / Household Sector

Use Coal Petroleum Products Gases Renewable energy Electric power TOTAL Total Consumption
according uses
LPG Liquid Fuels TOTAL Petroleum Products Biomass Solar Geothermal TOTAL Renewable Thermal Electric
Unit: ktep ktep ktep ktep ktep ktep ktep ktep ktep ktep ktep ktep ktep
Heating 12 388 2.033 2.421 1.695 2.368 10 6,06 2.384 380 6.892 6.513 380
DHW 1 459 183 642 1.566 50 129,0 3,42 183 385 2.776 2.391 385
Kitchen 2 185 -- 185 399 26 -- -- 26 479 1.090 611 479
Lighting -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 606 606 -- 606
Cooling -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2,55 3 120 123 3 120
Appliances -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.188 3.188 -- 3.188
TOTAL HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION 15 1.032 2.216 3.247 3.660 2.444 139 12,04 2.595 5.159 14.676 9.517 5.159
RESIDENTIAL TOTAL CONSUMPTION 173 1.386 1.983 3.369 4.257 2.464 144 9,03 2.617 6.508 16.924 10.416 6.508
Δ 2010/2009 -10,0% 0,6% 1,2% 0,9% 15,5% 0,8% 20,5% 18,9% 1,8% 6,0% 6,3% 6,4% 6,0%

Note: Excludes non-energy uses

Source:MINETUR/IDAE/INE

Additional statistics of the Spanish building stock
Household Consumption In Spain

Total Consumption: 14,676 ktep

Total average consumption per household: 0.852 tep

Medium Electricity Consumption Per Household: 3,487 kWh

Average Consumption By Type Of Housing

Single unit houses (1 apartment): 1.334 tep
Multi unit houses (≥ 2 apartments): 0.649 tep

Average Consumption By Climate Zone

North Atlantic climate: 0.799 tep
Continental climate: 1.087 tep
Mediterranean climate: 0.719 tep

Structure Of Total Consumption (%) By Energy Sources

Electricity: 35,1 %
Natural gas: 24,9 %
LPG: 22,1 %
Renewable energy: 17,7 %
Coal: 0,1 %

Source: IDAE (Institute for energy diversification and Saving) 2011

Last updated: 01.09.2014

Distribution of households in Spain

Athlantic

climatic zone

Continental

climatic zone

Mediterranean

climatic zone

Building Stock

total
Number of households 2,253,421 5,782,834 9,163,375 17,199,630

Single unit houses

1 apartment

Multi unit houses

>= 2 apartments

Building Stock

total
Number of households 5,159,889 12,039,741 17,199,630
Household consumption in Spain by energy sources
Units: ktep

Athlantic

climatic zone

Continental

climatic zone

Mediterranean

climatic zone

Building Stock

total
Coal 11 3 0 15
LPG 173 259 601 1,032
Oil 228 1,479 509 2,216
Natural gas 474 1,762 1,425 3,66
Solar thermal 5 33 101 139
Geothermal 2 5 4 12
Vegetal coal 1 26 0 27
Firewood 233 963 1,195 2,392
Pellets 2 4 3 9
Other solid biomass 0 10 5 15
Electricity 672 1,74 2,747 5,159
Total 1,801 6,284 6,591 14,676
Units: ktep

Single unit houses
1 apartment

Multi unit houses
>= 2 apartments

Building Stock

total
Coal 8 7 15
LPG 532 500 1,032
Oil 1,32 895 2,216
Natural gas 711 2,95 3,66
Solar thermal 132 8 139
Geothermal 12 0 12
Vegetal coal 27 0 27
Firewood 2,392 0 2,392
Pellets - - 9
Other solid biomass - - 15
Electricity 1,666 3,492 5,159
Total 6,8 7,851 14,676
Average consumption by household
Units: tep/household

Athlantic

climatic zone

Continental

climatic zone

Mediterranean

climatic zone

Building Stock

total
Single unit houses
1 apartment		 1.289 1.690 1.139 0.649
Multi unit houses
>= 2 apartments		 0.628 0.842 0.527 1.334
Spain 0.799 1.087 0.719 0.853
Units: kWh/household

Athlantic

climatic zone

Continental

climatic zone

Mediterranean

climatic zone

Building Stock

total
Single unit houses
1 apartment		 14,987 19,653 13,239 7,544
Multi unit houses
>= 2 apartments		 7,306 9,796 6,128 15,513
Spain 9,293 12,636 8,363 9,922

Source: IDAE (Institute for energy diversification and Saving) 2011

Last updated: 01.09.2014

National Typology Report Spain

building types  ---  construction types  ---  statistics

Download: <ES_TABULA_Report_IVE.pdf>

(in English language)

Last updated: 29.08.2013

Responsible for the content of this page: 
IVE - Instituto Valenciano de la Edificación 
(contact information)